The mass percentages of the 8 most common elements in the Earth's crust are as follows: (ChC)
oxygen O | 46.0 |
silicon Si | 28.0 |
aluminium Al | 8.23 |
Iron Fe | 5.6 |
Calcium Ca | 4.2 |
Sodium Na | 2.4 |
Magnesium Mg | 2.3 |
Potassium K | 2.1 |
Total | 98.83 |
The remaining elements, make up less than 2% of the Earth's crust.
Abundances in parts per million, by mass, are given below.
Titanium Ti | 5,600 |
Hydrogen H | 1,400 |
Phosphorus P | 1,050 |
Manganese Mn | 1,000 |
Fluorine F | 585 |
Barium Ba | 425 |
Strontium Sr | 370 |
Sulphur S | 350 |
Carbon C | 200 |
Zirconium Zr | 165 |
Chlorine Cl | 145 |
Vanadium V | 120 |
Chromium Cr | 102 |
Rubidium Rb | 90 |
Nickel Ni | 84 |
Zinc Zn | 70 |
Copper Cu | 60 |
Cerium Ce | 60 |
Lanthanum La | 34 |
Yttrium Y | 33 |
Neodymium Nd | 33 |
Cobalt Co | 25 |
Scandium Sc | 22 |
Lithium Li | 20 |
Nitrogen N | 19 |
Gallium Ga | 19 |
Niobium Nb | 17 |
Lead Pb | 14 |
Boron B | 10 |
Praseodymium Pr | 8.7 |
Samarium Sm | 6.0 |
Dysprosium Dy | 6.0 |
Thorium Th | 6.0 |
Gadolinium Gd | 5.2 |
Hafnium Hf | 3.3 |
Cesium Cs | 3.0 |
Erbium Er | 3.0 |
Ytterbium Yb | 3.0 |
Beryllium Be | 2.8 |
Uranium U | 2.7 |
Bromine Br | 2.4 |
Tin Sn | 2.3 |
Arsenic As | 1.8 |
Europium Eu | 1.8 |
Tantalum Ta | 1.7 |
Germanium Ge | 1.5 |
Tungsten W | 1.25 |
Molybdenum Mo | 1.20 |
Holmium Ho | 1.20 |
Terbium Tb | 0.90 |
Thallium Tl | 0.85 |
Lutetium Lu | 0.60 |
Thulium Tm | 0.50 |
Iodine I | 0.45 |
Indium In | 0.25 |
Antimony Sb | 0.20 |
Cadmium Cd | 0.15 |
Mercury Hg | 0.085 |
Silver Ag | 0.075 |
Selenium Se | 0.050 |
Palladium Pd | 0.015 |
Bismuth Bi | 0.009 |
Rhenium Re | 0.007 |
Platinum Pt | 0.005 |
Gold Au | 0.004 |
Osmium Os | 0.0015 |
Ruthenium Ru | 0.0010 |
Rhodium Rh | 0.0010 |
Tellurium Te | 0.0010 |
Iridium Ir | 0.0004 |