Mosesite

mosesite

montroydite

terlinguaite

eglestonite

Images

Formula: (Hg2N)Cl
Chloride
Crystal System: Isometric
Specific gravity: 7.72 measured, 7.53 calculated
Hardness: 3 to 4
Streak: Very light yellow
Colour: Yellow, turns olive-green upon prolonged exposure to light
Solubility: Alters to a white substance retaining its original shape when placed into cold hydrochloric acid
Environments

Hydrothermal environments

Mosesite is a rare secondary mineral formed at low temperature in hydrothermal mercury deposits. Associated minerals include calcite, cinnabar, metacinnabar, mercury, eglestonite, kleinite, terlinguaite, montroydite, calomel and gypsum (HOM).

Localities

At the San Luis Mine, Huahuaxtla, Mun. de Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico, mosesite occurs with terlinguaite, montroydite, eglestonite and calomel (Dana).

At the Mariquita Mine (Sultana Mine), Usagre, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, mosesite has been found as microcrystalline aggregates and masses of a very vivid lemon-yellowish colour, associated with cinnabar, baryte and calcite. Mosesite also has been found associated with globular masses of montroydite formed by oxidation of native mercury droplets (MinRec 55.4.505).
Mosesite from the Mariquita Mine - Image

At the type locality, the Terlingua Mining District, Texas, USA, mosesite occurs as small, isolated, yellow crystals on calcite, associated with montroydite and gypsum (AJS 30.202-208, Mindat).
Mosesite from Terlingua - Image

At Clack Mine, Willard Mining District, Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada, USA, the chief ore mineral in the mercury deposit is cinnabar; the country rock is a fine-grained, massive, medium-grey limestone, and the cinnabar together with crystalline calcite occurs as a replacement in veins and in small irregular masses (AM 17.541-550).

Genesis

Mosesite may be easily synthesised by treating HgCl with dilute ammonium hydroxide according to the reaction:
4NH4OH + 4HgCl → 2Hg + Hg2NCl.H2O +3H2O +3NH4Cl.
In terms of minerals this would be equivalent to the reaction of ammonia-bearing waters with calomel, yielding native mercury and mosesite. As calomel, mosesite, and native mercury are all found at Terlingua and Huahuaxtla, it is quite probable that the mosesite was formed in just this way, probably at very low temperature because the synthesis may be done at 25oC.
At the Huahuaxtla mine, the ammonia may have come from the highly carbonaceous shale lying immediately above the Pozcr Rico cave (AM 38: 1225-1234.).

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