Augite

augite

ilmenite

ferrosilite

enstatite

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Formula: (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6
Inosilicate (chain silicate), clinopyroxene

Varieties
Fassaite is a variety of augite with a low iron content.

Properties
Crystal System: Monoclinic
Specific gravity: 3.19 to 3.56 measured 3.31 calculated
Hardness: 5½ to 6
Streak: Greenish gray, light to dark brown
Colour: Black, brown, green
Solubility: Insoluble in water, hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acid
Common impurities: Ti,Cr,Na,Mn,K
Environments:

Plutonic igneous environments (typical)
Pegmatites
Carbonatites
Metamorphic environments
Meteorites

Augite is a primary and secondary mineral and it is the most common pyroxene. It is an important rock-forming mineral, found chiefly in dark coloured igneous rocks. The melting point of pyroxenes is about 1,000oC.

Augite is a common but not essential constituent of gabbro, anorthosite, peridotite, kimberlite, rhyolite, trachyte, andesite and basalt.
It also may be found in granite.

Localities

Amity, Town of Warwick, Orange county, New York, USA, is an area of granite intrusions into marble and associated gneiss. The marble is mostly composed of white crystalline calcite that often has small flakes or spheres of graphite and phlogopite. Augite forms very large, well-formed crystals to 30 cm at contact zones between the granite and marble. The crystals are dark green to black, prismatic, opaque, and commonly have brown goethite staining on their surfaces (R&M 96.5.434-435).

Alteration

ankerite, dolomite and quartz to augite and CO2
Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 + 2SiO2 → Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 + 2CO2 (DHZ 2A p384).

augite and CO2 to enstatite-ferrosilite, calcite and quartz
Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 + CO2 → (Mg,Fe)SiO3 + CaCO3 + SiO2 (DHZ 2A p384).

augite, albite, pyroxene, anorthite and ilmenite to omphacite, garnet, quartz and rutile
2MgFe2+Si2O6 + Na(AlSi3O8) + Ca2Mg2Fe2+Fe3+AlSi5O18 + 2Ca(Al2Si2O8) + 2Fe2+Ti4+O3 → NaCa2MgFe2+Al(Si2O6)3 + (Ca2Mg3Fe2+4)(Fe3+Al5)(SiO4)9 + SiO2 + 2TiO2
This reaction occurs at high temperature and pressure (DHZ 2A p449).

augite and andalusite to enstatite- ferrosilite and anorthite
Ca(Fe,Mg)Si2O6 +Al2SiO5 → (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 + Ca(Al2Si2O8) (DHZ 2A p126).

Fe-rich dolomite and quartz to augite and CO2
Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 + 2SiO2 → Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 + 2CO2 (DHZ 2A p 384).

enstatite-ferrosilite, augite and Fe and Cr-rich spinel to garnet and olivine
2(Mg,Fe)SiO3 + Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 + (Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)2O4 ⇌ Ca(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Cr)2(SiO4)3 + (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (DHZ 2A p258).

meionite (scapolite series) and augite to garnet, calcite and quartz
Ca4Al6O24(CO3) + 3Ca(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 ⇌ 3Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)Al2(SiO4)3 + CaCO3 + 3SiO2 (DHZ 4 p334).

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