Moraesite

moraesite

frondelite

triphylite

hydroxylherderite

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Formula: Be2(PO4)(OH).4H2O
Hydrated phosphate containing hydroxyl, beryllium-bearing mineral
Crystal System: Monoclinic
Specific gravity: 1.805 measured, 1.806 calculated
Streak: White
Colour: White
Solubility: Soluble in 1:10 acids (Dana)
Environments:

Pegmatites

Moraesite is a rare late-stage hydrothermal mineral in complex zoned granite pegmatites. Associated minerals include beryl, beryllonite, hydroxylherderite, frondelite, triphylite, apatite and muscovite (HOM).

Localities

The type locality is the Sapucaia mine, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phosphate minerals are most abundant in the central part of the granite pegmatite here; they are associated with quartz, beryl, perthite and muscovite. Large masses of triphylite and heterosite up to several tons in weight are the principal phosphate minerals. In addition to moraesite, other phosphate minerals include frondelite, faheyite, hureaulite, childrenite, apatite, roscherite, vivianite and variscite. Moraesite occurs on the walls of vugs that have developed in or adjacent to beryl, and on surfaces of albite, quartz and muscovite. Growths of moraesite frequently occur on the surfaces of frondelite and contain unaltered fragments of beryl (AM 38.1126-1133).

At the Humaita pegmatite, Itinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, moraesite occurs in the oxidation zone with beryl, albite, quartz, muscovite and frondelite (Dana).

At the Emmons pegmatite, Greenwood, Oxford county, Maine, USA, moraesite is associated with hydroxylherderite, beryl and fluorapatite. The Emmons pegmatite is an example of a highly evolved boron-lithium-cesium-tantalum enriched pegmatite (R&M 94.6.512).
 Pink masses of väyrynenite occur at the area of interaction of lithiophilite with altered beryl. Beryllonite, roscherite, moraesite and hydroxylherderite also occur in this assemblage (CM 57.733-734).

In New Hampshire, USA, moraesite is a rare late-stage hydrothermal mineral found in complex, zoned pegmatites. It occurs as groups of white acicular crystals, cottonlike aggregates or felted masses. The Palermo No. 1 mine in Groton and the E. E. Smith mine in Alexandria have produced attractive specimens of moraesite with individual crystals only a few millimetres in length, but some masses can be up to 3 cm (R&M 97.3.228-229).

At the Chickering Mine, Walpole, Cheshire county, New Hampshire, USA, moraesite is uncommon, but when found, it generally occurs in minute crystalline voids of quartz and siderite (R&M 90.5.419). It occurs as bright white silky fibres in flat sprays and mats to 0.8 mm across (R&M 97.3.228-229).

At the Keyes Mica Quarries, Orange, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, the pegmatites are beryl-type rare-element (RE) pegmatites.
The Number 1 mine exposed a pegmatite that shows the most complex zonation and diverse mineralogy of any of the Keyes pegmatites. Six zones are distinguished, as follows, proceeding inward from the margins of the pegmatite:
(1) quartz-muscovite-plagioclase border zone, 2.5 to 30.5 cm thick
(2) plagioclase-quartz-muscovite wall zone, 0.3 to 2.4 metres thick
(3) plagioclase-quartz-perthite-biotite outer intermediate zone, 0.3 to 5.2 metres thick, with lesser muscovite
(4) quartz-plagioclase-muscovite middle intermediate zone, 15.2 to 61.0 cm thick
(5) perthite-quartz inner intermediate zone, 0.9 to 4.6 meters thick
(6) quartz core, 1.5 to 3.0 metres across
The inner and outer intermediate zones contained perthite crystals up to 1.2 meters in size that were altered to vuggy albite-muscovite with fluorapatite crystals. This unit presumably was the source of the albite, muscovite, fluorapatite, quartz and other crystallised minerals found in pieces of vuggy albite rock on the dumps next to the mine.
The middle intermediate zone produced sheet mica with accessory minerals including tourmaline, graftonite, triphylite, vivianite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and beryl crystals to 30.5 cm long and 12.7 cm across.
Moraesite was identified in a specimen as matted white fibres associated with botryoidal microsized hydroxylherderite and lazulite-scorzalite (R&M 97.4.321).

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