Nolanite

nolanite

uraninite

ilmenite

carnotite

Images

Formula: V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2
Oxide of vanadium and ferric iron, nolanite group, nolanite supergroup
Crystal System: Hexagonal
Specific gravity: 4.65 measured, 4.60 calculated
Hardness: 5 to 5½
Streak: Brownish black
Colour: Black when massive, brownish black when powdered
Luminescence: No cathode luminescence under high-energy electron bombardment (30 KV)
Solubility: Soluble in sulphuric acid
Magnetism: Strongly magnetic
Environments

Hydrothermal environments

Localities

At the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines, Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire, Western Australia, Australia, Nolanite is closely associated with massive native gold and numerous telluride minerals (calaverite, krennerite, petzite, coloradoite, altaite and sylvanite) in highly altered and metamorphosed greenstones. No sulphide minerals were recognized in samples containing nolanite, although minerals identified from the 865-foot level, South Kalgoorlie mine, include the sulphides pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and tennantite-tetrahedrite, as well as native gold, calcite, dolomite and quartz, and the tellurides calaverite, krennerite, petzite, coloradoite, altaite and sylvanite.
Nolanite is confined to and localised in the greenstones along the margins of small fractures. In some areas, fragments of shattered greenstones containing nolanite grains are isolated in the fissures. Nolanite formed early in the paragenesis before the late fracturing and subsequent massive flood of precious metal mineralisation.
Nolanite occurs in subhedral to euhedral tabular prismatic grains from 10 to 50 microns in width and up to several hundred microns in length. It is opaque, brownish black in powder, and submetallic in lustre. Nolanite at Kalgoorlie apparently formed under relatively strong and uniform oxidising conditions (AM 52.734-743).
As well as gold and gold tellurides, associated minerals include vanadium-bearing muscovite, tourmaline, tivanite, vanadium-bearing hematite and vanadium-bearing magnetite (HOM).

There are three co-type localities: the Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. mines, Beaverlodge Lake area, Saskatchewan, Canada, the Ace deposit, Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. mines, Beaverlodge Lake area, Saskatchewan, Canada, and the Nicholson No. 2, Consolidated Nicholson Mines, Goldfields District, Beaverlodge Lake area, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Other localities for nolanite in the Beaverlodge Lake Area include the Fish Hook Bay Mine and the Piche Group.
At the Beaverlodge Lake area, all the deposits containing nolanite are thought to be hydrothermal in origin. The typical occurrence of nolanite is as concentrations of discrete subhedral to euhedral hexagonal plates from 10 to 20 microns across. Locally these plates have coalesced into massive material containing residual inclusions. In the dolomite matrix of the Fish Hook Bay deposit, nolanite crystals up to 1 mm across have been found. In leached zones some of these crystals have been freed by differential weathering of the dolomite. In the Nicholson Mine, nolanite forms radiating crusts on the dolomitised walls of the veins. Pitchblende, calcite and sulphides in turn form an inner layer toward the centre of the vein and fill interstices in the nolanite crust.
Minerals intimately associated with nolanite include dolomite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, hematite, uraninite, chalcopyrite, ilmenite and galena. Nolanite fills cracks in euhedral pyrite but is mantled or cemented by massive pyrite. It is also mantled by chalcopyrite, pitchblende, dolomite and quartz. Hematite in part is veined by nolanite, but crystals of hematite, together with crystals of nolanite, are embedded in chalcopyrite and pyrite. Ilmenite and nolanite in coalescing subhedral grains occur together, cemented by quartz, calcite and uraninite. In the Pitche group showing, carnotite has been identified, presumably having been formed as a weathering product of nolanite and uraninite (AM 42.619-628).
Nolanite from the Fish Hook Bay Mine, Beaverlodge Lake area - Image

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