Manganite

manganite

acanthite

cinnabar

pyrolusite

Images

Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
Oxide of manganese, monoclinic paramorph of trigonal feitknechtite and orthorhombic groutite
Crystal System: Monoclinic
Specific gravity: 4.3 to 4.4
Hardness: 4
Colour: Brownish black to black
Solubility: Slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid, moderately soluble in sulphuric acid
Environments:

Pegmatites
Hydrothermal environments

Manganite is found associated with other manganese oxides in deposits formed by meteoric waters. It is often found in epithermal (low temperature) hydrothermal veins associated with acanthite, baryte, cinnabar, pyrolusite, quartz, siderite and calcite.
It frequently alters to pyrolusite.

Localities

At Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany, manganite was relatively abundant in the iron - manganese ore veins, where it was mostly mixed with quartz. It was a massive and sometimes earthy component of a particular kind of vein deposit called “black nest”, with red and brown hematite (MinRec 55.5.600).

At the type locality, the Manganese deposit, Ilfeld, Harztor, Nordhausen District, Thuringia, Germany, manganite pseudomorphs after calcite, and also hausmannite pseudomorphs after manganite, have been found (KL p146).
Manganite from Ilfeld - Image

At Hartshill, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, UK, manganite occurs with manganoan calcite (RES p321).

At Laverock Braes, Middleton Park, Aberdeen City, Scotland, UK, manganite is the principal species of collector interest, occurring as some of the finest specimens of manganite from the British Isles. Attractive crystal sprays up to about 10 mm in length were found during recent rescue collecting at the site, where mining apparently ceased in the early 20th century. Baryte, kaolinite, pyrolusite, quartz and paragonite? were also identified. The principal iron oxide present is goethite. The minerals occur as veins in granite, in coarse-grained mica-rich metasediment and as loose masses in the overlying till (JRS 22.11-28).
Manganite from Laverock Braes - Image

At the South Hecla mine, Calumet, Houghton county, Michigan, USA, tiny crystals of manganite have been found associated with quartz, epidote and albite in voids in the conglomerate which hosts the mineralisation (R&M 94.6.564).

At the Tamarack Jr. No. 1 mine, Calumet, Houghton county, Michigan, USA, tiny crystals of manganite have been found in vugs of crystallised albite (R&M 94.6.564)
Manganite from the Tamarack Mine - Image

At the Central No. 2 mine, Keweenaw county, Michigan, USA, tiny crystals of manganite have been found in vugs in crystallised albite associated with epidote and actinolite, and sometimes also with hematite or copper (R&M 94.6.564, 97.4.358).
Manganite from the Central Mine - Image

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