Titanium

titanium

paulkerrite

coesite

kyanite

Images

Formula: Ti
Native element
Specific gravity: 4.503
Hardness: 4
Streak: Greyish black
Colour: Silver-grey
Melting point: 1,668oC
Boiling point: 3,287oC
Abundance: In the Earth’s crust, 0.56% by mass, 0.25% by moles; in the Solar System, 4 parts per million by mass, 100 parts per billion by moles (ChC). It is the 9th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, by mass.
Environments

Plutonic igneous environments
Metamorphic environments
Fumeroles

Two forms of native titanium have been found; the first, found in granite, crystallises in the hexagonal system, and the second occurs as minute inclusions in garnet from an ultra high pressure metamorphic complex, and crystallises in the tetragonal system (Mindat); also as microscopic inclusions in coesite eclogites (Webmin).

Localities

At the type locality, Orebody 31, Luobusha Mine, Qusum county, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet, China, titanium has been found in chromitite associated with kyanite and coesite (Mindat).

At the Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Krai, Russia, hexagonal titanium has been described from fumaroles (Mindat).

Titanium has been recovered from heavy-mineral separates prepared from granite taken from the margin of the Bezymyannyy pluton, eastern Yakutia, USSR. The separates also contain native tin, lead, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, gold, aluminum and tin-antimony and copper-zinc compounds (AM 76.1435).

Titanium-bearing minerals include:

Borides
jingsuiite

Silicides
kangjinlaite
zhiqinite

Phosphides
badengzhuite
florenskyite
wenjiite

Oxides
aeschynite
anatase
belyankinite
brannerite
brookite
botuobinskite
calciosamarskite
carmichaelite
crichtonite
davidite-(Ce)
davidite-(La)
dessauite-(Y)
dmitryvarlamovite
ecandrewsite
euxenite-(Y)
ferrotitanowodginite
fersmite
geikielite
gramaccioliite-(Y)
ilmenite
jianmuite
kaitianite
loparite-(Ce)
magnesiohögbomite-6N 12S
manganbelyankinite
mannardite
mirnyite
olkhonskite
orthobrannerite
oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)
perovskite
polycrase
pseudobrookite
pyrophanite
qandilite
redledgeite
rossovskyite
rutile
sassite
schreyerite
senaite
shulamitite
srilankite
tantalaeschynite
tazheranite
thorutite
tistarite
titanowodginite
ulvöspinel
vigezzite

Carbonates
sabinaite

Monoborates
warwickite

Sulphates
calamaite

Phosphates
hochleitnerite
hydroxylbenyacarite
paulkerrite

Arsenates
achyrophanite
arsenatrotitanite
katiarsite
lehmannite
yurgensonite

Vanadates
trebiskyite

Antimonites
derbylite

Arsenites
asbecasite
cafarsite

Nesosilicates
clinohumite
rubinite
schorlomite
titanite

Sorosilicates
alfredcasparite
bafertisite
bornemanite
bortolanite
cámaraite
chevkinite
epistolite
fersmanite
fresnoite
götzenite
hejtmanite
janhaugite
jingshajiangite
karnasurtite-(Ce)
lamprophyllite
låvenite
lomonosovite
mosandrite-(Ce)
murmanite
perrierite
perrierite-(Ce)
perrierite-(La)
rinkite-(Y)
shkatulkaliteS
vuonnemite

Cyclosilicates
baotite
bario-orthojoaquinite
benitoite
berezanskite
joquinite
koashvite
komarovite
labuntsovite
lemmleinite-(K)
nagashimalite
orthojoaquinite
strontio-orthojoaquinite
taramellite
tienshanite
tisinalite
titantaramellite

Inosilicates - single chain
aenigmatite
astrophyllite
ershovite
kamenevite
kupletskite
kupletskite-(Cs)
lorenzenite
manganokukisvumite
ohmilite
paravinogradovite
rhönite
vinogradovite

Inosilicates - double chain
kaersutite
tinaksite
zorite

Phyllosilicates
leucosphenite
neptunite
orlovite

Unclassified Silicates
kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
paqueite
qeltite



Borides - borides are usually covalent rather than ionic
Silicides - the silicide anion is Si4-
Phosphides - the phosphide ion is P3-
Oxides - the oxide anion is O2-
Carbonates - the carbonate anion is (CO3)2-
Monoborates - with a single boron anion (BO3)3- or B(O,OH)4
Sulphates - the sulphate anion is (SO4)2-
Phosphates - the phosphate anion is (P5+O4)3-
Arsenates - the arsenate anion is (As5+O4)3-
Vanadates - the vanadate anion is (V5+O4)3-
Antimonites - the antimonite anion is (Sb3+O3)3-
Arsenites - the arsenite anion is (As3+O3)3-
Nesosilicates - insular (Si4+O4)4- groups
Sorosilicates - (Si4+2O7)6- groups
Cyclosilicates - (Si4+nO3n)2n-
Inosilicates - Single Chain - (Si4+nO3n)2n-
Inosilicates - Double Chain - (Si4+4nO11n)6n-
Phyllosilicates - (Si4+2O5)2- groups
Unclassified silicates

Back to Minerals